natural vegetation and wildlife

                                  Natural vegetation and wildlife

Short answer type questions

1. Why are tropical rainforests are called evergreen forests?

Ans: These trees shed their leaves at different times.

When one tree may be shedding leaves, the other may be flowering, so the forests are green throughout the year. So, these trees are called evergreen trees.

2. Describe the characteristic features of monsoon forests. Which are the important trees in this region?

  Ans: These areas receive an annual rainfall of 100 to 200 cm.

Most of the trees shed their leaves during 6 to 8 weeks in summer.

These forests have widespread branches. Like neem and mango.

Teak, Sal sandalwood, peepal, shisham are some common trees found there.

3. Describe the main features of evergreen forests.

 Ans: The trees shed their leaves at different times.

 These forests are very dense.

Trees grow up to great heights.

Importent trees are ebony mahogany and rosewood.

4. Name the areas where the tidal forests are found in India? Which important trees are found in tidal forests?

Ans: Tidal forests are found in Ganga and Brahmaputra delta region.

Deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri.

Parts of Andaman and Nicobar islands.

5. Explain the measures required for conservation of forests.

Ans: The govt has passed acts and taken up different programmes for conserving our forests.

The forest research Institute at Deehradun trains people regarding forests.

Government has also launched Vanmahotsav programmes.

We should plant more and more trees.

Long answer type questions.

1. What has led to destruction of wildlife and their habitat in India? Which steps have been taken by the govt to preserve and protect wildlife?

   Ans: large scale hunting for game and poaching have affected our wildlife.

Reckless destruction of forests has endangered many species of wildlife.

Steps by govt:

Many National parks, Biosphere reserves and sanctuaries have been set up in Nilgiris, Nandadevi, Simlipal etc.

The government has launched many projects like project tiger, Project Rhino, and project Elephant.

2. Describe the importance of forests.

Ans: (a) Plants release oxygen that we breathe.

(b) They provide us timber for furniture, sports goods and houses.

(c) The roots of plants bind the soil and prevent floods.

(d) They are natural habitats of wildlife.

3. Describe the major species of animals found in India.

Ans: (a) Asiatic Lion found in the Gir forest of Gujrat.

(b) The Royal Bengal Tiger found in Sunder bans in West Bengal.

© The Rhino- creases are found in Assam.

(d) Red panda, yak and Bear are found in lofty Himalayas.

(e) Camels are found in Thar Desert.

Some reptiles like Cobra Crocodiles and gharials also found in India.

4. Distinguish between tropical rainforests and tropical deciduous forests.

Tropical Rain forests These are found where rainfall is more than 200  cm. They remain green throughout the year. These are very dense forests. Important trees are ebony, mahogany and rosewood.

Tropical Deciduous forests These are found where rainfall is between 100 to 200 cn. They are shed the leaves during 6 to 8 weeks in summer. These trees have widespread branches like Neem and Mango. Important trees are babul, khair and kikar.

urban livelihood question answer

                         Urban Livelihood

1. list five urban livelihoods.

Ans. Following are the five urban livelihoods; Rickshaw pulling, Newspaper vending,    Call centre, Shop keeping and office works.

2. Who is Rampreet?

Ans. Rampreet is a Rickshaw puller. He belongs to a village in northern Bihar.

3. Who assemble at labour chowk?

Ans. Daily wages or casual workers assembled at labour chowk. They are hired by needy persons on daily basis.

4. What is a call centre?

Ans. Call centres are private offices which deal with problems and questions of consumers or customers regarding goods purchased and services like banking, payments of bills etc.

There are two kinds of call centre; domestic and international call centre.

Short answer type questions

1. Discuss the difference between a permanent, and a casual job.

      Ans.Permanent job is regular work and  have a good salary.
        It also included many benefits such as medical leaves, 27 days annual leave, paid holidays, gratuity and pension. Working hours are fixed in this job.
casual job is not regular work and wages are very less. 
In this job no benefits include such as leaves, medical and pension.
Working hours are long and no holidays.  
        

2. What benefits does Mr. Sohan mishra get as a marketing manager?

Ans. He is a permanent worker, drawing a regular salary. 

He also gets many benefits like Employment provident fund, gratuity, medical benefits and leave benefits. 

Apart from Sunday and holidays, he gets twenty- seven days annual leave.

He also gets an annual increments based on his performance.

3. How is work done in garment factory?

Ans. A hundred workers stitching cloths with sewing machines.

Some workers are fixes the buttons.

Other workers are ironing the cloths.

4. Why have call centre’s’ in India become so popular?

Ans. Because multinational companies have to to pay much lower wages to Indian call centre’s worker as compare to European countries.

Long answer type questions

1. Discuss the life of vendors and hawkers. How do they face the problems in their lives?

Ans. Vendors and hawkers sell anything and everything from eatables, snacks, sweetmeats to garments, shoe etc.

Many of them spreading items on plastic sheets or on benches on pavements.

They using canvas sheet to protect themselves from rain or sunlight.

Problems

They don’t have security of work.

Their earnings are meager and some of them spend nights on pavements.

They have to cook and wash themselves.

2. Describe an office area of a city.

Ans. An office area is located in the commercial area of the city.

Mostly offices are air conditioned and partitioned in cabins.

Workers are working on permanent as well as temporary basis in these offices.

From managers to peon work in these city offices.

3. Write a brief note on each of the following.

(a)    Casual workers (b) permanent workers (c) call centre’s.

Ans. Casual workers are daily wages workers hired by needy persons on daily basis.

These workers work at construction sites, dig pipelines, laid telephone cables, loaded and unloaded trucks etc.

These workers are ill clothed and ill fed also.

Their income is very less.

Permanent workers are drawing a regular salary along with many benefits such as medical and leave benefits,  Employment provident fund and gratuity.

 They get 27 days annual leave.

They also get annual increments according to their performance.

Call centre’s above given.
Ans: Call centres are private offices which deal with problems and questions of consumers or customers regarding goods purchased and services like banking, payments of bills etc.

There are two kinds of call centres, domestic and international call centre.

4. Do you think casual or temporary workers in a company should be given facilities and benefits at par with the permanents staff? Why/ Why not?

Ans Yes casual workers should get all the benefits and facilities similar to permanent workers because these workers also contribute in the countries economy.

Their earnings are very meager and could not pace with their expenditures.

Their children also need to send to school for education which they can not give them with less income.

They also need good health and better facilities for their overall development.  

history chapter question answers

       Exercise question answers history chapter

Q1. What is a stupa? Name the finest stupa in India.

Ans. Many shrines were built to preserve the relics of Buddha. These shrines were called stupas. The Sanchi stupa (in Madhya Pradesh)  is the finest stupa in India.

Q2. Name the four Vedas.

Ans. The four Vedas are The Rig-Veda. Sam Veda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda.

Q3. Name the two epics of  Sangam period..

Ans. Two famous epics in Sangam age were Silappadikarm and manimekalai.

Q4. Who wrote the Tirukkural?

Ans. The Tirukkural was written by Tiruvallavar a book on the art of living.

Q5.Which dynasty built the temples at Mahabalipuram and Kanchipuram?

Ans. The Pallavas dynasty built temples at Mahabalipuram and Kanchipuram.

Q6. What do you know about the iron pillar at Mehrauli (Delhi)?

Ans.The Iron Pillar located in Delhi, is known for the rust-resistant composition of the metals used in its construction.
On it a inscription in Sanskrit is written related to Chandragupta II,  a great Gupta king.

. Q7. Mention the important features of the temples  of ancient india.

   Ans. a) Temples were consisted in three parts ,  Garbhagriha ( a central room where idols were placed) , Shikhara ( a top of the grabhagriha) and mandapa ( where people were assembled and prayed).

b) Most of the temples were dedicated to Vishnu , Shiva and Durga.

c) The Ratha temple built with single rock in the form of a ratha or chariot by pallavas.

Write a short note on the Upanishads.

Ans.  a) Upanishads teach us how Soul ( Atman) can be united with ultimate truth (Brahman).

b) They teach us about Karma mean actions of people.

c) 11 Upanishads are authentic out of 108 .

Who wrote the Arthashashtra? What is its subject matters?

Ans. The Arthashashtra was written by Chanakya. It was based on political and the military art of governance.

Q Who was kalidasa? Which books were written by him?

Ans. kalidasa was court poet in Guptas dynasty. He wrote many books such as Shakuntalam, Megaduta, Raguvansha and Kumarsambhava.

Long answer type questions.

Q1. Describe the achievements of ancient India in the field of astronomy and mathematics.

Ans. a) The Vedic period discovered the concept of Zero.

b) The Vedic people were astronomers. They predicts the time of solar and lunar eclipses.

c) Aryabhatta and Varahamihira were two great mathematician and astronomer during Guptas period.

d) Aryabhatta wrote Aryabhattayam ( solutions of maths problems) and varahamihira wrote Brihat Samahita ( a encyclopedia of astronomy).

Q2.Discuss the achievements of ancient India in the field of medicine.

Ans. a) During kanishka period Charka wrote ‘Charka Samhita’ a text based on internal medicine.

b) It described various types of fevers, leprosy and T.B.

c) Shushruta was the first surgeon . He wrote Shushruta Samhita. This book Described about 120 surgical instruments and 8 human surgeries in 8 categories.

Q  What do you know about secular literature of ancient India.

Ans. a)  During  ancient period many secular text were written such as Arthashastra written by Chanakya Indica by Megasthenes.

b) These books were described about politics military, social and economic lives of Maurya dynasty.

c) Banabhatta wrote ‘Harshacharita’( life of ordinary people during Harshavardhana period).
d) kalidasa wrote ‘Shakuntalam’and 'Megaduta' during Guptas period.

e) 'Panchatantra' a collections of tales also wrote in this time.

Q Give an account of the religious literature produced during ancient India.

 Ans. a) During the vedic period four Vedas were written i.e. Rigaveda, Samaveda,Yajurveda and Atharavaveda. These contain hymns and rituals.

b) Upanishadas teach us about karma.11 upanishadas were authentic.

c) The puranas were post vedic text. There are 17 or 18 puranas surviving. Markandya purana is important purana.

d) Two famous epics were the Ramayana and the Mahabharata also wrote by saint valmiki and saint Ved vyas respectively.